Dr. Wei-Kuo Tao
Senior Research Meteorologist
Mesoscale Atmospheric Processes Branch (Code 613.1)
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Greenbelt, MD 20771
Email: tao@agnes.gsfc.nasa.gov
Phone: (301) 614-6269

Education
M.S., Computer Science, The Johns Hopkins University, 1987
M.S., Ph.D., Atmospheric Science, University of Illinois, 1978, 1983
B.S., Atmospheric Physics, National Central University, 1974

Employment
Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA, since 1989.
Adjunct Professor, Department of Atmospheric Science, Texas A&M (2004 - )
Affiliate Faculty, Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University (2000- )
Lecturer, University of Maryland (2006, 2007)
Lecturer, Monash University - Australia (1989)
Senior Research Scientist, General Sciences Corporation, 1984-1989.
Research Associate, National Research Council/National Academy Science Postdoctoral Fellowship, 1982-1984.

Honors and Awards
NASA Goddard William Nordberg Award, 2008 (highest Goddard award in the Earth sciences)
Fellow, American Meteorological Society, 2001
Fellow, Royal Meteorological Society, 2000
Excellent Alumni Award, National Central University, 2006
NASA Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal, 2003 (NASAís highest honor for a scientific achievement)
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center - Earth Science Achievement Award (2nd recipient), 2003 (Goddardís highest honor for a scientific achievement in Earth Science)
NASA Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal, 1992 (NASAís highest honor for a scientific achievement)
NASA Group Achievement Award to CRYSTAL-FACE Science Team, 2003
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center/Laboratory for Atmospheres - Scientific Research Award, 1993, 1996
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center - Performance Award, 1992-1997, 2000, 2002-2004
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center - Special Act Award, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2007, 2008
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center - Quality Increase Award, 1994, 1996, 2007
Chinese Natural Science and Cultural Scholarship, Ministry of Education, 1973

Professional Society Memberships and Services
Chair, AGU Committee on Precipitation and Cloud, 2001- .
Editor, J. Atmos. Sci., 2001 - 2003.
Editor, AMS Meteorological Monographs - Symposium on Cloud Systems, Hurricanes and TRMM, 2001
Co-Editor, Special issue on high-resolution modeling, Japan Meteorological Society of Japan, 2007
NASA TRMM and Precipitation Measuring Mission Science Team, since 1991.
NASA MAP (Modeling Analysis and Prediction) Science Team, since 2005.
NASA Energy and Water Cycle Study (NEWS) Science Team, since 2005.
DOE/ARM Science Team (2003 -.)
Chair, NASA TRMM Latent Heating Committee (2004 - 2007)
Co-Chair, NASA PMM Weather/Climate User Working Group (2007 - )
Member of NASA GSFC Laboratory of Atmosphere Seminar Committee (2006 - )
Co-Chair, NASA Goddard ìCloud and Precipitation Processesî Cross-Cutting Science Theme (2006 - )
Member, NASA GPM GV Advisory Panel (2005 - )
Member, NASA MAP06 Science Working Group (2006)
Chair, Committee for the NASA Goddard Earth Science Achievement Award (2004)
Member, NOAA NCEP/NCAR Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) Science Board (2000- 2005)
Chair and Organizer, The 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th TRMM Latent Heating Workshop (2001,2002, 2004, 2006)
Chair and Organizer, The 2nd NASA Cloud Modeling Workshop (2004)
Member of the Scientific Steering Committee for the GEWEX Cloud System Study (GCSS) Group 4 (Precipitating Convective Cloud Systems) (1994 -)
Chair and Organizer, International Workshop on Cumulus Parameterization (2001)
American Meteorological Society Committee on Mesoscale Processes, 1996-1999.
Scientific Visitor Program, National Center for Atmospheric Research/MMM (1995)
Scientific Visitor Program, Joint Center for Mesoscale Meteorology (JCSS), University of Reading, UK (1994)

Special Experience
Has more than 30 years of experience in cloud physics and modeling mesoscale convective systems. Is the primary developer of the Goddard Cumulus Ensemble (GCE) model and the leader of the Goddard Mesoscale Modeling and Dynamics Group (consists of 12 scientists). Has given more than 80 invited talks/visits to 40 different national (US) and international laboratories and universities.

Refereed Publications
More than 170 [80 (23 as 1st author) since 2003] in refereed literature, Encyclopedia, books and Monographs, and more than 100 conference presentations, on tropical cloud systems and modeling, applying the cloud resolving model to understand cloud-precipitation-aerosol interaction, -air-sea interaction, convective-stratiform interaction, cloud-radiation interaction, cloud-chemistry interaction, and cloud-large-scale environment interaction, developing the latent heating profile retrieval using satellite data.

Graduate Adviser and Post-Doc Mentor:
S.-T. Soong, U. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (M.S. and Ph. D.)
Joanne Simpson, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

Theses:
Tao, W.-K., 1978: A numerical simulation of deep convection in the tropics. M.S. Thesis, University of Illinois, 66 pp.
Tao, W.-K., 1983: A numerical study of the structure and vertical transport properties of a tropical convective system. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Illinois, 228 pp.

Advised Ph. D. Students:
S.H. Chen (Purdue University), T. Matsui (Colorado State University), Tom O.íHalloran (University of Virginia), Jiwen Fan (Texas A&M University), Marcia DeLonge (University of Virginia), Ildae Choi (Seoul National University).

Education and Out-Reach Activities:
The Goddard Cumulus Ensemble (GCE) Model and its generated data sets have been used by several US Universities (Columbia University, University of Virginia, University of Washington, University of Michigan, University of Maryland, University of New York at Albany, University of New York at Stony Brooke, Texas Austin College, Purdue University, Florida State University), National Laboratory (DOE Brokeheaven Lab) and International Research Centers (Joint Center for Mesoscale Meteorology at the University of Reading, UK; University of Leicester, UK, Monash University, Australia; Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, Seoul National University, Korea, National Central University, Taiwan).

Have provided Goddard water/ice microphysical and cloud-radiation schemes to Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storm - CAPS (one of seven Science and Technology centers established by the National Science Foundation in 1988). Have provided the Goddard Microphysics and Cloud-Radiation packages to the Penn State/NCAR MM5. Is currently implementing several Goddard Microphysics schemes, longwave and shortwave radiation and surface processes into the Weather Research Forecast (WRF) model.

Current Research:
To use a spectral-bin microphysics to study the impact of atmospheric aerosol concentration on cloud and precipitation processes. The results suggested that high aerosol concentration can either suppress or enhance precipitation depends on types of clouds/cloud systems and large-scale parameters (i.e., low or high CAPE, moist or dry).
To develop a global/cloud-resolving/land surface modeling system to study global, regional and local water energy /hydrologic cycle and impact weather events.

Publications [over 170, and 80 (23 as 1st author) since 2003]
1, Soong, S.-T., and W.-K. Tao, 1980: Response of deep tropical clouds to mesoscale processes. J. Atmos. Sci. , 37, 2016-2036.

1. Soong, S.-T., and W.-K. Tao, 1984: A numerical study of the vertical transport of momentum in a tropical rainband. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 1049-1061.
2. Tao, W.-K., and J. Simpson, 1984: Cloud interactions and merging: Numerical simulations. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 2901-2917.
3. Tao, W.-K., and S.-T. Soong, 1986: A study of the response of deep tropical clouds to mesoscale processes: Three-dimensional numerical experiments. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 2653-2676.

Tao, W.-K., J. Simpson, and S.-T. Soong, 1987: Statistical properties of a cloud ensemble: A numerical study. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 3175-3187.

Garstang, M., J. Scala, S. Greco, R. Harriss, S. Beck, E. Browell, G. Sachse, G. Gregory, J. Simpson, W.-K. Tao and A. Torres, 1988: Trace gas exchanges and convective transports over the Amazonian rain forest, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 1528-1550.

Tao, W.-K., and J. Simpson, 1989: Modeling study of a tropical squall-type convective line. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 177-202.

Tao, W.-K., J. Simpson and M. McCumber, 1989: An ice-water saturation adjustment. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 231-235.

Tao, W.-K., and J. Simpson, 1989: A further study of cumulus interaction and mergers: Three-dimensional simulations with trajectory analyses. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 2974-3004.

Tao, W.-K., J. Simpson, S. Lang, M. McCumber, R. Adler and R. Penc, 1990: An algorithm to estimate the heating budget from vertical hydrometeor profiles. J. Appl. Meteor., 29, 1232-1244.

Scala, J., M. Garstang, W.-K. Tao, K. Pickering, A. Thompson, J. Simpson, V. Kirchhoff, E. Browell, G. Sachse, A. Torres, G. Gregory, R. Rasmussen and M. Khalil, 1990: Cloud draft structure and trace gas transport, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 17015-17030.

Tao, W.-K., J. Simpson and S.-T. Soong, 1991: Numerical simulation of a subtropical squall line over Taiwan Strait. Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 2699-2723.

Adler, R. F., H.-Y. Yeh, N. Prasad, W.-K. Tao and J. Simpson, 1991: Microwave rainfall simulations of a tropical convective system with a three-dimensional cloud model, J. Appl. Meteor., 30, 924-953.

Pickering, K. E., A. M. Thompson, J. R. Scala, W.-K. Tao, J. Simpson, and M. Garstang, 1991: Photochemical ozone production in Tropical squall line convection during NASA/GTE/ABLE 2A, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 3099-3114.

Pickering, K. E., A. M. Thompson, W.-K. Tao and T. Kucsera, 1991: Ozone production in the tropical upper troposphere as affected by deep convection, EOS, 72, (44), 102.

McCumber, M., W.-K. Tao, J. Simpson, R. Penc, and S.-T. Soong, 1991: Comparison of ice-phase microphysical parameterization schemes using numerical simulations of convection. J. Appl. Meteor., 30, 987-1004.

Pickering, K., E., A. M. Thompson, J. R. Scala, W.-K. Tao, and J. Simpson, 1992: Ozone production potential following convective redistribution of biomass emissions, J. Atmos. Chem., 14, 297-313.

Pickering, K., E., J. Scala, A. M. Thompson, W.-K. Tao and J. Simpson, 1992: A regional estimate of convective transport of CO from biomass burning,", Geophys Res. Letters., 19, 289-292.

Pickering, K. E., A. M. Thompson, J. Scala, W.-K. Tao, R. R. Dickerson and J. Simpson, 1992: Free tropospheric ozone production following entrainment of urban plumes into deep convection, J. Geophys Res., 97, 17985-18000.

Tao, W.-K., J. Simpson, C.-H. Sui, B. Ferrier, S. Lang, J. Scala, M.-D. Chou and K. Pickering, 1993: Heating, moisture and water budgets of tropical and midlatitude squall lines: Comparisons and sensitivity to longwave radiation. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 673-690.

Lau, K. M., C. H. Sui and W.-K. Tao, 1993: A preliminary study of the tropical water cycle and its sensitivity to surface warming, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 74, 1313-1321.

Tao, W.-K., and J. Simpson, 1993: The Goddard Cumulus Ensemble Model. Part I: Model description. Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, 4, 35-72.

Simpson, J. and W.-K. Tao, 1993: The Goddard Cumulus Ensemble Model. Part II: Applications for studying cloud precipitating processes and for NASA TRMM. Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, 4, 73-116.

Tao, W.-K., S. Lang, J. Simpson and R. Adler, 1993: Retrieval Algorithms for estimating the vertical profiles of latent heat release: Their applications for TRMM. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan , 71, 685-700.

Pickering, K. E., A. M. Thompson, W.-K Tao and T. L. Kucsera, 1993: Upper tropospheric ozone production following mesoscale convection during STEP/EMEX, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 8737-8749.

GEWEX Cloud System Science Team, 1993: The GEWEX Cloud System Study (GCSS), Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 74, 387-399.

Sui, C.-H., K. M. Lau, W.-K. Tao, and J. Simpson, 1994: The tropical water and energy cycles in a cumulus ensemble model. Part I: Equilibrium climate, J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 711-728.

Lau, K. M., C.-H. Sui, M.-D. Chou and W.-K. Tao, 1994: An inquiry into the cirrus-cloud thermostat effect for tropical sea Surface temperature, Geophys Res. Letters. 21,1157-1160.

Greco, S., J. Scala, J. Halverson, H. L. Massie, Jr., W.-K. Tao, and M. Garstang, 1994: Amazon coastal squall lines. Part II: Heat and moisture transports, Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 623-635.

Thompson, A. M., K. E. Pickering, R. R. Dickerson, W. G. Ellis, D. J. Jacob, J. R. Scala, W.-K. Tao, D. P. McNamara and J. Simpson, 1994: Convective transport over the central United States and its role in the regional CO and Ozone budgets," J. Geophys. Res., 99, 18703-18711.

Lau, K. M., C.-H. Sui, M.-D. Chou and W.-K. Tao, 1994: ìReply to the Comment on the paper, An enquiry into the cirrus-cloud thermostat effect for tropical sea surface temperature, by V. Ramanathan, W. D. Collins and B. Subasilar", Geophys Res. Letters, 21, 1187-1188.

Tao, W.-K., J. Scala, B. Ferrier and J. Simpson, 1995: The effects of melting processes on the development of squall lines in the tropics and midlatitudes. J. Atmos. Sci . 52, 1934-1948.

Prasad, N., H.-Y. M. Yeh, R. F. Adler and W.-K. Tao, 1995: Infrared and microwave simulations of an intense convective system and comparison with aircraft observations, J. Appl. Meteor., 34, 153-174.

Yeh, H.-Y. M., N. Prasad, R. Meneghini, W.-K. Tao and R. F. Adler, 1995: Model-based simulation of TRMM spaceborne radar observations, J. Appl. Meteor., 34, 175-197.

Pickering, K. E., A. M. Thompson, D. P. McNamara, W.-K. Tao, A. M. Molod and R. B. Rood, 1995: Vertical transport by convective clouds: Comparisons between cloud-scale and global-scale model, Geophys Res. Letters, 22, 1089-1092.

Ferrier, B. S., W.-K. Tao and J. Simpson, 1995: A double-moment multiple-phase four-class bulk ice scheme. Part II: Simulations of convective storms in different large-scale environments and comparisons with other bulk parameterizations, J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 1001-1033.

Wang, Y., W.-K. Tao, K. Pickering, A. Thompson, J. Kain, R. Adler, J. Simpson, P. Keehn and G. Lai, 1996: Mesoscale model (MM5) simulation of TRACE and PRESTORM Convective Systems and Associated Tracer Transport,. J. Geophys. Res., 101, D19, 24013-24027.

Wang, Y., W.-K. Tao and J. Simpson, 1996: The impact of ocean surface fluxes on a TOGA COARE convective System, Mon. Wea. Rev. 124, 2100-2125.

Simpson, J., C. Kummerow, W.-K. Tao and R. Adler, 1996: On the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Meteor, and Atmos. Phys. 60, 19-36.

Ferrier, B. S., J. Simpson and W.-K. Tao, 1996: Factors responsible for different precipitation efficiencies between midlatitude and tropical squall simulations. Mon. Wea. Rev.. 124, 2100-2125.

Tao, W.-K., J. Simpson, S. Lang, C.-H. Sui, B. Ferrier, and M.-D. Chou, 1996: Mechanisms of cloud-radiation interaction in the tropics and midlatitudes. J. Atmos. Sci . 53, 2624-2651.

Pickering, K.E., , A. Thompson, Y. Wang, W.-K Tao, Bradshaw, Kirchhoff, Alvala, Gregory, Blake, McNamara, Kucsera, 1996: Convective transport of biomass burning emissions over Brazil during TRACE-A, J. Geophys. Res., 101, D19, 23993-24012.

Stenchikov, G., R. Dickerson, K. Pickering, W. Ellis, B. Doddridge, S. Kondragunta, O. Pooulida, J. Scala and W.-K. Tao, 1996: Troposphere-stratosphere exchange in a midlatitude mesoscale convective complex: Part 2, Numerical simulations, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 6823-6836.

Halverson, J. B., M. Garstang, J. Scala and W.-K. Tao, 1996: Water and energy budgets of a Florida mesoscale convective system: A combined observational and modeling study, Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 1161-1180

Ellis, W. G., A. M. Thompson, S. Kondragunta, K. Pickering, G. Stenchikov, R. Dickerson, and W.-K. Tao, 1996: Potential ozone production following convective transport based on future emission scenarios, Atmospheric Environment, 30, 667-672.

Dharssi, I., R. Kershaw and W.-K. Tao, 1997: Sensitivity of a simulated tropical squall line to longwave radiation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 123, 187-206.

Thompson, A. M., W.-K. Tao, K. E. Pickering, J. R. Scala and J. Simpson, 1997: Tropical deep convection and Ozone formation, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 78, 1043-1054.

Kuo, Y.-H., J. Bresch, M.-D. Cheng, J. Kain, D. B. Parsons, W.-K. Tao and D.-L. Zhang, 1997: Summary of a mini-workshop on cumulus parameterization for mesoscale models, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 78, 475-492.

Moncrieff, M. W., S. K. Krueger, D. Gregory, J.-L. Redelsperger and W.-K. Tao, 1997: GEWEX Cloud System Study (GCSS) Working Group 4: Precipitating convective cloud systems , Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 78, 831-845.

Chen, C., W.-K. Tao, P.-L. Lin, G. S. Lai, S.-F. Tseng and T.-C. Chen Wang, 1998: The interaction of the low-level jet during the development of mesoscale convective systems in a Mei-Yu front, Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 349-371.

Lynn, B. H., W.-K. Tao and P. Wetzel, 1998: A study of landscape generated deep moist convection. Mon. Wea. Rev. 126, 928-942.

Pickering, K. E., Y. Wang, W.-K Tao and C. Price,, 1998: The vertical distribution of lightning NOx for use in regional and global chemical transport models, J. Geophy. Res., V103, D23, 31203-31216.

Tao, W.-K., J. Simpson, C.-H. Sui, C.-L. Shie, B. Zhou, K. M. Lau, and, M. Moncrieff, 1999: On equilibrium states simulated by Cloud-Resolving Models. J. Atmos. Sci. 56, 3128-3139.

Olson, W. S., C. D. Kummerow, Y. Hong, and W.-K. Tao, 1999: Atmospheric latent heating distributions in the Tropics derived from satellite passive microwave radiometer measurements, J. Appl. Meteor., 38, 633-644.

Das, S., D. Johnson and W.-K. Tao, 1999: Single-column and cloud ensemble model simulations of TOGA COARE convective systems, J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 77, 803-826.

Redelsperger, J. L., P. R. A. Brown, F. Guichard, C. Hoff, M. Kawasima, S. Lang, Th. Montmerle, K. Nakamura, K. Saito, C. Seman, W.K. Tao and L. J. Donner, 2000: A GCSS model intercomparison for a tropical squall line observed during TOGA-COARE. Part 1: Cloud-Resolving Models." Q. J. R. Met. Soc., 126, 823-864.

Tao, W.-K., R. Adler, S. Braun, F. Einaudi, B. Ferrier, J. Halverson, G. Heymsfield, C. Kummerow, A. Negri and R. Kakar, 2000: Summary of a Symposium on Cloud Systems, Hurricanes and TRMM: Celebration of Dr. Joanne Simpson's Career - The First 50 years, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 81, 2463-2474.

Tao, W.-K., S. Lang, J. Simpson, W. S. Olson, D. Johnson, B. Ferrier, C. Kummerow and R. Adler, 2000: Vertical profiles of latent heat release and their retrieval in TOGA COARE convective systems using a cloud resolving model, SSM/I and radar data, J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 78, 333-355.

Braun, S. A., and W.-K. Tao, 2000: Sensitivity of high-resolution simulations of Hurricane Bob (1991): To planetary boundary layer parameterizations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 3491-3961.

Baker, R. D., B. H. Lynn, A. Boone, W.-K. Tao and J. Simpson, 2001: The influence of soil moisture, coastline curvature, and the land-breeze circulation on sea-breeze initiated precipitation, J. of Hydrometeorology, 2, 193-211.

Lynn, B. H., W.-K. Tao and F. Abramopoulos, 2001: A parameterization for the triggering of landscape generated moist convection, Part I: Analyses of high resolution model results.† J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 575-592.

Lynn, B. H. and W.-K. Tao, 2001: A parameterization for the triggering of landscape generated moist convection, Part II: Zero order and first order closure. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 593-607.

Lynn, B. H., D. Stauffer, P. Wetzel, W.-K. Tao, P. Alpert, N. Perlin, R. D. Baker, R. Munoz, A. Boone, and Y. Jia, 2001: Improved simulation of Florida summer convection using the PLACE land surface model and a 1.5-order turbulence parameterization coupled to the Penn State/NCAR mesoscale model,† Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 1441-1461.

Peng, L., C.-H. Sui, K.-M. Lau and W.-K. Tao, 2001: Genesis and evolution of super cloud clusters in a 2-d numerical cloud resolving model, J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 877-895.

Tao, W.-K., S. Lang, W. S. Olson, R. Meneghini, S. Yang, J. Simpson, C. Kummerow, E. Smith and J. Halverson, 2001: Retrieved vertical profiles of latent heat release using TRMM rainfall products for February 1998, J. Appl. Meteor., 40, 957-982.

Tao, W.-K., C.-L. Shie and J. Simpson, 2001: Comments on "The sensitivity study of radiative-convective equilibrium in the Tropics with a convective resolving model,† J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 1328-1333.

Olson, W. O., P. Bause, C. D. Kummerow, Y. Hong and W.-K. Tao, 2001: A melting layer model for passive/active microwave remote sensing applications - Part II: Simulation of TRMM observations. J. Appl. Meteor., 40, 1164-1179.

Pu, Z.-X. W.-K. Tao, Y. Jia, J. Simpson, S. Braun, J. Halverson, W. Olson and A. Hou, 2002: The impact of TRMM data on mesoscale numerical simulation of Super Typhoon Paka,† Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 2448-2458.

Johnson, D., W.-K. Tao, J. Simpson, and C.-H. Sui, 2002: A Study of the Response of Deep Tropical Clouds to Mesocale Processes, Part I: Modeling Strategy and Simulation of TOGA COARE Convective Systems, J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 3492-3518.

Xu, K.-M., R. T. Cederwall, L. J. Donner, F. Guichard, W. W. Grabowski, D. E. Johnson, M. Khairoutdinov, S. K. Krueger, J. C. Petch, D. A. Randall, C. J. Seman, W.-K. Tao, S. Xie, J. Jio and M.-H. Zhang, 2002: Iintercomparison of cloud-resolving models with the ARM Summer 1997 IOP data, Q. J. R. Met. Soc., 128, 593-624.

Zeng, X., Q. Zhang, D. Johnson and W.-K. Tao, 2002: Parameterization of wind gustiness for the computation of ocean surface fluxes at different spatial scales,† Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 2125-2133.

Mohr, K. I., R. D. Baker, W.-K. Tao and J. S. Famiglietti, 2002: The sensitivity of west African convective lines water budgets to land cover, J. of Hydrometeorology, 4, 62-76.

2003
Jorgensen, D. P., Z.-X. Pu, O. Persson and W.-K. Tao, 2003: The structure of a Pacific narrow cold frontal rainband, Mon. Wea. Rev., 131, 2705-2729.

Wang, Y., W.-K. Tao, J. Simpson, and S. Lang, 2003: The sensitivity of tropical squall lines (GATE and TOGA COARE) to surface fluxes: 3-D Cloud resolving model simulations,† Q. J. R. Met. Soc., 129, 987-1007.

Shie, C.-L., W.-K. Tao, J. Simpson and C.-H. Sui, 2003: Quasi-equilibrium states in the tropics simulated by a cloud-resolving model. Part I: Specific features and budget analysis, J. of Climate, 5, 817-833.

Lang, S., W.-K. Tao, J. Simpson, and B. Ferrier, 2003: Modeling of convective-stratiform precipitation processes: Sensitivity to partitioning methods.† J. Applied. Meteor., 42, 505-527.

Shige, S., Y. N. Takayabu, W.-K. Tao and D. Johnson, 2003: Spectral retrieved of latent heating profiles from TRMM PR data. Part I: Algorithm development with a cloud resolving model.† J. Applied Meteor. 43, 1095-1113.

Tao, W.-K., Y. Wang, J. Qian, W. K.-M. Lau, C.-L. Shie and R. Kakar, 2003: Mesoscale Convective Systems during SCSMEX: Simulations with a Regional Climate Model and a Cloud-Resolving Model, Weather and climate Modeling, New Age International (P) Limited, Edited by S.V. Singh, S. Basu and T. N. Krishnamurti, 77-92.

Tao, W.-K., C.-L. Shie, R. Johnson, S. Braun, J. Simpson, and P. E. Ciesielski, 2003: Convective Systems over South China Sea: Cloud-Resolving Model Simulations. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 2929-2956.

Tao, W.-K., D. Starr, A. Hou, P. Newman, and Y. Sud, 2003: Summary of cumulus parameterization workshop. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 84, 1055-1062.

Tao, W.-K., J. Simpson, D. Baker, S. Braun, M.-D. Chou, B. Ferrier, D. Johnson, A. Khain, S. Lang, B. Lynn, C.-L. Shie, D. Starr, C.-H. Sui, Y. Wang and P. Wetzel, 2003: Microphysics, radiation and surface processes in the Goddard Cumulus Ensemble (GCE) model, A Special Issue on Non-hydrostatic Mesoscale Modeling, Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 82, 97-137.

Pu, Z., and W.-K. Tao, 2004: Mesoscale assimilation of TRMM rainfall data with 4DCAR: Sensitivity studies. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 82, 1389-1397.

Yoshizaki, M., T. Kato, H. Eito, S. Hayashi, and W.-K. Tao, 2004: An overview of the field experiment ìWinter Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) over the Japan Sea 2001î, and comparisons of the cold-air outbreak case (14 January) between analysis and a non-hydrostatic cloud-resolving model. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 82, 1365-1384.

Qian, J.-H., W.-K. Tao, and K.-M. Lau, 2004: Mechanisms of torrential rain associated with the Mei-yu development during SCSMEX-98,† Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 3-27.

Rajendran, R., T. N. Krishnamurti, V. Misra and W.-K. Tao, 2004: An empirical cumulus parameterization scheme for a global spectral model,† J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 82, 989-1006.

Tao, W.-K., D. Johnson, C.-L. Shie, and J. Simpson. 2004: Atmospheric energy budget and large-scale precipitation efficiency of convective systems during TOGA COARE, GATE, SCSMEX and ARM: Cloud-resolving model simulations, J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 2405-2423.

Gao, S., F. Ping, X. Li and W.-K. Tao, 2004: A convective vorticity vector associated with tropical convection: A 2D cloud-resolving modeling study, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D14106, doi:10.1029/2004JD004807.

Chen, C. S., W.-C. Chen, and W.-K. Tao, 2004: A study of heavy summer rainfall over southwestern Taiwan, J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 82, 1521-1543

Lang, S., W.-K. Tao, J. Simpson, and B. Ferrier, 2004: Reply to ëComment on "Modeling of convective-stratiform precipitation processes: Sensitivity to partitioning methods" by M. Steinerí, J. Applied Meteor., 43, 962-965.

Matsui, T., H. Masunaga, R. Pielke, Sr. and W.-K. Tao, 2004: Impact of aerosol and atmospheric thermodynamics on cloud properties within the climate system, Geophys. Res. Letters, 31, L06109, doi10.1029/2003GL01928.

Houser, P. R., M. Bosilovich, C. Peters-Lidard and W.-K. Tao, 2004: Ultra-high resolution observation-driven land modeling needed to enable the development of global cloud resolving Earth system models. GEWEX News, 14, No. 3, 8-9.

2005
Li, X., C.-H. Sui, K.-M. Lau and W.-K. Tao, 2005: Tropical convective responses to microphysical and radiative processes: A sensitivity study with a 2D cloud resolving model, Meteor. Atmos. Physics, doi:10.1007/s00703-004-0088-5.

Zeng, X., W.-K. Tao and J. Simpson, 2005: An equation for moist entropy in a precipitating and ice atmosphere.† J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 4293-4309.

Li, J.-L. D. E. Waliser, J. H. Jiang, D. L. Wu, W. Read, J. W. Waters, A. Tompkins, L. J. Donner, J. Chern, W.-K. Tao, R. Atlas, Y. Gu, K.L. Liou, A. DelGenio, M. Khairoutdinov, and A. Gettelman, 2005: Comparisons of EOS MLS Cloud Ice Measurements with ECMWF analyses and GCM Simulations: Initial Results. Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 32, No. 18, L18710, 10.1029/2005GL023788.

Shie, C.-L., W.-K. Tao, J. Simpson, and C.-L. Sui, 2005: A note on the relationship between temperature and water vapor over oceans, as well as se surface temperature impact. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 23, 141-148.

Stenchikov, G., K. Pickering, A. Decaria, W.-K. Tao, J. Scala, L. Ott, D. Bartels and T. Matejka, 2005: Simulation of the fine structure of the July 12, 1996 STERAO storm accounting for effects of terrain and interaction with mesoscale flow. J. Geophy. Res., 110, D14304, doi:10.1029/2004JD005582.

Gao, S., X. Cui, Y. Zhou, X. Li and W.-K. Tao, 2005: A modeling study of moist and dynamic vorticity vectors associated with two-dimensional tropical convection. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D17104, doi:10.1029/2004JD005675.

2006
Grabowski, W. W., P. Bechtold, A. Cheng, R. Forbes, G. Halliwell, M. Khairoutdinov, S. Lang, T. Nasuno, J. Petch, W.-K. Tao, R. Wong, X. Wu and K.-M. Xu, 2006: Daytime convective developments over land: An idealized model intercomparison case based on LBA observations, Q. J. Roy. Meteorl. Soc., 132, 317-344.

Olson, W.-S., C. D. Kummerow,, S. Yang, G. W. Petty, W.-K. Tao, T. L. Bell, S. A. Braun, Y. Wang, S. E. Lang, D. E. Johnson and C. Chiu, 2006: Precipitation and latent heating distributions from satellite passive microwave radiometry Part I: Method and uncertainties. J. Applied Meteor., 45, 702-720.

Tao, W.-K., E. Smith, R. Adler, Z. Haddad, A. Hou, T. Iguchi, R. Kakar, T.N. Krishnamurti, C. Kummerow, S. Lang, R. Meneghini, N. Nakamura, T. Nakazawa, K. Okamoto, W. Olson, S. Satoh, S. Shige, J. Simpson, Y. Takayabu, G. Tripoli, and S. Yang, 2006: Retrieval of latent heating from TRMM measurements, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 87, 1555-1572.

Matsui, T., H. Masunaga, R. A. Pielke, Sr., S. M. Kreidenweis, W.-K. Tao, M. Chin and Y. Kaufman, 2006: Satellite-based assessment of marine low cloud variability associated with aerosol, atmospheric stability and diurnal cycle. J. Geophy. Res., Aerosol and Clouds. 111, D17204, doi:10.1029/2005JD006097.

2007
Gao, S., X. Li, W.-K. Tao, C.-L. Shie and S. Lang, 2007: Convective moist vorticity vectors associated with tropical oceanic convection: A three-dimensional cloud-resolving model simulation. J. Geophy. Res., 112, D01105, doi:10.1029/2006JD007179.

Alonge, C. J., K. I. Mohr, and W.-K. Tao, 2007: Numerical case studies of wet vs dry regimes in the West African Sahel, J. Hydrometeor. 8, 102-116.

Seo, E.-K., G. Liu, W.-K. Tao, and S.-O. Han, 2007: Adaptation of model-generated cloud database to satellite observations, Geophy. Res. Lett., 34 , doi:10.1029/2006GL027857.

Fan, J., R. Zhang, G. Li, W.-K. Tao, X. Li, 2007: Simulations of cumulus clouds using a spectral bin microphysics in a cloud resolving model. J. Geophy. Res. 112, D04201, doi:10.1029/2006JD007688.

Lang, S., W.-K. Tao, R. Cifelli, W. Olson, J. Halverson, S. Rutledge, and J. Simpson, 2007: Improving simulations of convective system from TRMM LBA: Easterly and Westerly regimes. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 1141-1164.

Johnson, D., W.-K. Tao, and J. Simpson, 2007: A Study of the Response of Deep Tropical Clouds to Mesocale Processes, Part II: Sensitivity tests of radiation, surface fluxes and microphysics, J . Atmos. Sci., 64, 869-886.

Pielke, R., SrD. Stokowski, J. W. Wang, T. Vukicevic, G. Leoncini, T. Matsui, C. L. Castro, D. Niyogi, C. M. Kishtawal, A. Biazar, K. Doty, R. T. McNider, U. Nair, W.-K. Tao, 2007: Development of generalized parameterization of diabatic heating for use in weather and climate models, EOS, 88(8), 96-97.

Juang, H. M., W.-K. Tao, X. Zeng, C.-L. Shie and J. Simpson, 2007: Parallelization of a cloud-resolving model for massively parallel computing by using message passing interface, TAO, 18, 593-622.

Shige, S., Y. N. Takayabu, W.-K. Tao and C.-L. Shie, 2007: Spectral retrieved of latent heating profiles from TRMM PR data. Part II: Algorithm improvement and its estimates over the tropical ocean regions.† J. Applied Meteor. Climatology, 46, 1098-1124.

Tao, W.-K., R. Houze, Jr., and E. Smith, 2007: Summary of the 4th TRMM Latent Heating Workshop, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 88, 1255, 1259.

Tao, W.-K., 2007: Cloud Resolving Modeling. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, Special Issue of 125th Anniversary of Japan Meteorology Society, 85, 305-330.

Zeng, X., W.-K. Tao, M. Zhang, S. Lang, C. Peters-Lidard, J. Simpson, S. Xie, S. Kumar, J. V. Geiger, C.-L. Shie, and J. L.. Eastman, 2007: Evaluation of long-term cloud-resolving modeling with observational cloud data. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 4153ñ4177.

Zhou, Y., W.-K. Tao, A.Hou, C.-L. Shie, K. -M. Lau, M. -D. Chou, X. Lin, B. Olson, M. Grecu, 2007: Using High-Resolution Satellite Observations for Evaluation of Cloud and Precipitation Statistics from Cloud-Resolving Model Simulations. Part I: South China Sea Monsoon Experiment. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 4309-4329.

Fan, J., R. Zhang, G. Li, and W.-K. Tao, 2007: Effects of aerosols and relative humidity on cumulus clouds, J. Geophy. Res., 112, D14204, doi:10.1029/2006JD008136.

Tao, W.-K., X. Li, A. Khain, T. Matsui, S. Lang, and J. Simpson, 2007: The role of atmospheric aerosol concentration on deep convective precipitation: Cloud-resolving model simulations. J. Geophy. Res., 112, D24S18, doi:10.1029/2007JD008728.

Kumar, S. V., C. D. Peters-Lidard, J. E. Eastman, W.-K. Tao, 2007: An integrated high resolution hydrometeorological modeling system using LIS and WRF, Environmental Modeling & Software, Vol 23/2, 169-181.

2008
Shige, S., Y. N. Takayabu, and W.-K. Tao, 2008: Spectral retrieved of latent heating profiles from TRMM PR data. Part III: Moistening estimates over the tropical ocean regions J. Applied Meteor. Climatology, 47, 620--640.

Fan, J., R. Zhang, W.-K. Tao, K. I. Mohr, 2008: Aerosol radiative effects on deep convective clouds and associated radiative forcing. J. Geophy. Res. 113, D08209, doi:10.1029/2007JD009257.

Tao, W.-K., R. A. Houze, Jr., and E. A. Smith, 2008: Retrieved Latent Heating from TRMM, GEWEX Newsletter, Vol. 18, No. 2, 8-9.

Tao, W.-K., D. Anderson, R. Atlas, J. Chern, A. Hou, S. Lang, W. Lau, C. Peters-Lidard, R. Kakar, S. Kumar, X. Li, T. Matsui, M. Rienecker, B.-W. Shen, J. J. Shi, J. Simpson, and X. Zeng, 2008: Goddard Multi-Scale Modeling Systems with Unified Physics, GEWEX Newsletter Vol. 18, No. 1, 6-8.

Li, J.-L. F., D. Waliser, C. Wood, J. Teixeira, J. Bacmeister, J. Chern, B.-W. Shen, A. Tompkins, W.-K. Tao, and M. Kohler, 2008: Comparisons of satellite liquid water estimates to ECMWF and GMAO analyses, 20th century IPCC AR4 climate simulations, and GCM simulations. Geophy. Res. Lett. 35, L19710, doi:10.1029/2088GL035427.

Zeng, X., W.-K. Tao, S. Lang, A. Hou, M. Zhang, and J. Simpson, 2008: On the sensitivity of Atmospheric ensemble to cloud microphysics in long-term cloud-resolving model simulations. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, Special Issue on high-resolution cloud models, 86A, 45-65.

Zeng, X., W.-K. Tao and J. Simpson, 2008: Microphysical timescales in clouds and their application in cloud-resolving model. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 86, No. 6, 839-856.

Norris, P. M., L. Oreopooulos, A. Hou, W.-K. Tao, and X. Zeng, 2008: Clouds andcopulas: Part I: Theory for water clouds, Q. J. Roy. Meteorl. Soc., 134, 1843-1864.

2009
Li, X., W.-K. Tao, A. Khain, J. Simpson and D. Johnson, 2009: Sensitivity of a cloud-resolving model to bulk and explicit-bin microphysics schemes: Part I: Comparisons. J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 3-21.

Li, X., W.-K. Tao, A. Khain, J. Simpson and D. Johnson, 2009: Sensitivity of a cloud-resolving model to bulk and explicit-bin microphysics schemes:: Part II: Cloud microphysics and storm dynamics interactions. J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 22-40.

Smith, E., W.-K. Tao, A. Hou, M. Katsumata, T. N. Krishnmurti, S. Lang, W. Olson, S. Satoh, S. Shige, Y. Takayabu, and S. Yang, 2009: Latent heating from TRMM satellite measurements: Algorithm Description, Validation methodology and Application. Special Issue on Satellite Precipitation Observation, J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, (submitted).

Tao, W.-K., J. Chern, R. Atlas, D. Randall, X. Lin, M. Khairoutdinov, J._L. Li, D. E. Waliser, A. Hou, C. Peters-Lidard, W. Lau, and J. Simpson, 2009: Multi-scale modeling system: Development, applications and critical issues, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 90, 515-534.

Tao, W.-K., J. Shi, S. Chen, S. Lang, S.-Y. Hong, G. Thompson, C. Peters-Lidard, A. Hou, S. Braun, and J. Simpson, 2009: Studying precipitation processes in WRF with Goddard bulk microphysics: Comparison with different microphysical schemes, Mon. Wea. Rev., (accepted).

Shen, B.-W., W.-K. Tao, J.-D. Chern, and R. Atlas, 2009: Improvements in the scalability of the NASA Goddard multiscale modeling framework for hurricane climate studies. International J. of High Performance computing application, (accepted).

Shen, B.-W., W.-K. Tao, R. Atlas, Y.-L. Lin, O. Reale, J.-D. Chern, C. Peters-Lidard, K.-S. Kuo, 2009: Forecasts of tropical cyclongenesis with a global mesoscale model: Preliminary results with six tropical cyclones. Geophys. Res. Letters. (in revision).

Shen, B.-W. and W.-K. Tao, W. K.-K. Lau, R. Atlas, 2009: Predicting the Formation of Tropical Cyclone Nargis (2008) with a High-resolution Global Model. (to be submitted).

Zeng, X., W.-K. Tao, M. Zhang, A. Y. Hou, S. Xie, S. Lang, X. Li, D. Starr, X. Li, and J. Simpson, 2009: The indirect effect of ice nuclei on atmospheric radiation. J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 41-61.

Wang, D., X. Li, W.-K. Tao, Y. Liu and H. Zhou, 2009: Torrential rainfall processes associated with a landfall of severe tropical storm Bills (2006): A cloud-resolving modeling study. Atmos. Res., 91, 94-104.

Matsui, T., X. Zeng, W.-K. Tao, H. Masunaga, W. S. Olson, and S. Lang, 2009: Evaluation of long-term cloud-resolving model simulations using satellite radiance observations and multi-frequency satellite simulators. J. Atmos. Oce. Tech. (in press).

Waliser, D., F. Li, C. Woods, J. Bacmeister, J. Chern, A. Del Genio, J. Jiang, M. Kharitondov, Z. Kuang, H. Meng, P. Minnis, S. Platnik, W. B. Rossow, G. Stephens, S. Sun-Mack, W.-K. Tao, A. Tommpkins, D. Vane, C. Walker and D. Wu, 2009: Cloud ice: A climate model challenge woth signs and expectations of progress. J. Geophys. Res. 114, D00A21, doi:10.1029/2008JD010015.

Lee, M.-I., I. Choi, W.-K. Tao, S. D. Schubert, and I.-K. Kang, 2009: Mechanisms of diurnal precipitation over the United States Great Plains: A cloud-resolving model simulation. Climate Dynamic, (in press).

Guo, H., Y. Liu, P. H. Daum, X. Zeng, X. Li and W.-K. Tao, 2009: Effects of model resolution on cloud entrainment, cloud-radiation interaction and cloud radiative forcing. Atmos. Chem. Phys. (in press).

Guo, H., Y. Liu, P. H. Daum and W.-K. Tao, 2009: Characteristics of vertical velocity in marine stratocumulus: Comparison of LES simulations with observations. Environ. Res. Lett. (in press).

Santanello, J. A. Jr, C. D. Peters-Lidard, S. V. Kummar, C. Alonge, and W.-K. Tao, 2009: A modeling and observational framework for diagnosing local land-atmosphere coupling on diurnal time scales. J. of Hydrometeo, (in press).

Shige, S., Y. N. Takayabu, S. Kida, W.-K. Tao, X. Zeng and T. LíEcuyer, 2009: Spectral retrieved of latent heating profiles from TRMM PR data. Part VI: Comparisons of lookup tables from two- and three-dimensional simulations. J. Climate, (in press).

Wang, D.-H, X. Li, W.-K Tao, 2009: An analysis of cloud, water vapor, and heat budgets during a landfall of severe tropical storm Bilis (2006), Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, (in press).

Tao, W.-K., D. Anderson, J. Chern, J. Estin, A. Hou, P. Houser, R. Kakar, S. Lang, W. Lau, C. Peters-Lidard, X. Li, T. Matsui, B.-W. Shen, J.-J. Shi, and X. Zeng, 2009: Goddard Multi-Scale Modeling Systems with Unified Physics, Annales Geophysics, (submitted).

Jiang, X., D. Waliser, J.-L. Li, B. Tian, W. Olson, M. Grecu, W.-K. Tao, S. Lang, A. Tompkins, and T. LíEcuyer, 2009: Characterizing the vertical heating structure of the MJO using TRMM. J. Climate (accepted).

Hagos, S. C. Zhang, W.-K. Tao, S. Lang, Y. Takayabu, S. Shige, and M. Katsumata. 2009: Latent Heating Profiles over the Tropics: Estimates and Uncertainties. J. Climate (submitted).

Zeng, X., W.-K. Tao, M.-H. Zhang, A. Y. Hou, S. Xie, S. Lang, X. Li, D. OíC Starr and X. Li, 2009:A contribution by ice nuclei to global warming. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. (in press).

Lang, S., W.-K. Tao, R. Houze, Jr. , R. Johnson, M.-H. Zhang, and E. Smith: 2008: Comments on ìResidual Diagnosis of Diabatic Heating from ERA-40 and NCEP Reanalyses: Intercomparisons with TRMMî by S. Chan and S. Nigam, J. Climate (to be submitted).

Tao, W.-K., S. Lang, X. Zeng, S. Shige, Y. Takayabu, 2009: Convective and stratiform rainfall and their relationship to latent heating. J. Climate (submitted).

Grecu, M. W. Olson, C.-L. Shie, T. LíEcuyer, and W.-K. Tao, 2009: Combining Satellite Microwave Radiometer and Radar Observations to Estimate Atmospheric Latent Heating Profiles. J. Climate, (submitted).

Tapiador, F. J., W.-K. Tao, R. Shi, C. F. Angelis and A. Hou, 2009: Comparison of cloud microphysics, land-surface physics and cumulus parameterizations in a severe weather episode in Spain.

Lang, S., W.-K. Tao, E. Smith, M. Grecu, M. Katsumata, W. Olson, S. Satoh, S. Shige, Y. Takayuba, and S. Yang, 2009: Inter-comparison for Cases 1-4.. J. Climate, (to be submitted).

Li, J.-L. F., J. Teixeira, D. E. Waliser, C. Woods, D. G. Vane, J. Bacmeister, J. ñD. Chern, W.-K. Tao, A. M. Tompkins, 2009: A comparison of cloud vertical structure between CloudSat, the ECMWF analysis and two climate prediction models along the GPCI transect over the Northeastern Pacific, Geophys. Res. Letters, (submitted).

Woods, C. P., J.-L. F. Li, D. E. Waliser, J.-D. Chern, W.-K. Tao, T. Kubar, 2009: Partitioning CloudSat ice water content for comparison with upper-tropospheric cloud ice in global atmospheric models. Geophys. Res. Letters, (submitted).

Wang, D.-H, X. Li, W.-K Tao, 2008: Effects of vertical shear of large-scale zonal wind on convective development during a landfall of severe tropical storm Bilis (2006), Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, (submitted).

Shi, J. J., W.-K. Tao, T. Matsui, A. Hou, S. Lang, C. Peters-Lidard, G. Jackson, R. Cifelli, S. Rutledge, and W. Petersen, 2009: Microphysical Properties of the January 20-22 2007 Snow Events over Canada: Comparison with in-situ and Satellite Observations. J. Applied Meteor. Climatol. (submitted).

Takayabu, Y. N., S. Shige, W.-K. Tao and N. Hirota, 2009: Shallow and deep latent heating modes over tropical oceans observed with TRMM PR spectral latent heating data. J. Climate, (submitted).

Li, X., W.-K. Tao, T. Matsui, C. Liu and H. Masunaga, 2009: Improving spectral bin microphysical scheme using TRMM satellite observations. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. (submitted).

Zeng, X., W.-K. Tao, T. Matsui, S. Xie, S. Lang, M.-H. ZhangD. OíC Starr and X. Li, 2009: Diagnosing the ice crystal enhancement factor in the Tropics, J. Atmos. Sci. (submitted).

Matsui, T., W.-K. Tao, H. Masunaga, W. Olson, C. Kummerow, T. Nakajima, M. Sekiguchi, T. Y. Nakajima, M.-D. Chou, X. Li, and K. Suzuki, 2009: Satellite Data Simulation Unit: Multi-Sensor and MultiñFrequency Satellite Simulators for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation Satellite Missions, Bulletin of American Meteorological Society, (to be submitted)

BOOKS and MONOGRAPHS
Adler, R., N. Prasad, W.-K. Tao, H.-Y. Yeh, R. Mack and J. Simpson, 1988: Microwave observations and modeling of deep convection, In Tropical Rainfall Measurements, A. Deepak Publishing, 185-191.

Tao, W.-K., and J. Simpson, 1988: Precipitation statistics using model output, WMO/WCRP-1, Validation of Satellite Precipitation Measurements for the global Precipitation Climatology Project, Ed. J. C. Wilkerson, 217-226.

Pickering, K. E., A. M. Thompson, J. R. Scala, W.-K. Tao and J. Simpson, 1994: Enhancement of free tropospheric ozone production by deep convection, Ozone in the Troposphere and Stratosphere, Ed. R. D. Hudson, 105-108.

Tao, W.-K., 1995: Interaction of parameterized convection and explicit stratiform cloud microphysics, WMO/WCRP-90, Cloud Microphysics Parameterizations in Global Atmospheric General Circulation Models, Ed. D. Randall, 199-210.

Tao, W.-K., J. Simpson and B. Ferrier, 1997: Cloud Resolving Model Simulations of Mesoscale Convective Systems, New Insights and Approaches to Convective Parameterization , Ed. D. Gregory, 77-112.

Tao, W.-K., Y. Jia, C.-H. Sui and C. Chen "The diurnal cycle in TOGA-COARE: 1998: Regional scale model simulations, WMO/Would Climate Research Program-107, COARE 98, Ed. F. Bradley and R. Lukas, 321-322.

Tao, W.-K., D. Johnson and J. Simpson, 1998: Tropical oceanic precipitation processes over the warm pool: 2D and 3D cloud resolving model simulations. WMO/Would Climate Research Program-107, COARE 98, Ed. F. Bradley and R. Lukas, 197-198.

Johnson, D., W.-K. Tao, C-H. Sui and J. Simpson, 1998: A study of the response of deep tropical clouds to large-scale processes. WMO/Would Climate Research Program-107, COARE 98, Ed. F. Bradley and R. Lukas, 407-408.

Moncrieff, M. W., and W.-K. Tao, 1999: Cloud-resolving models, Global Water and Energy Cycles, Ed. by K. Browing and R. J. Gurney, Cambridge University Press, 200-209.

Redelsperger, J., L., S. Chen, R. H. Johnson, M. A. LeMone, T. Nakazawa, D. B. Parsons, S. A. Rutledege, W.-K. Tao and M. Yanai, 2000: Review of convection in TOGA COARE, World Meteorology Organization Monograph, WCRP-107, 16-42.

Tao, W.-K., 2003: Goddard Cumulus Ensemble (GCE) model: Application for understanding precipitation processes, AMS Meteorological Monographs - Cloud Systems, Hurricanes and TRMM. 107-138.

Tao, W.-K., J. Halverson, R. Adler, M. Garstang, R. Houze, Jr., M. LeMone, R. Pielke and W. Woodley, 2003: The Research of Dr. Joanne Simpson: Fifty Years Investigating Hurricanes, Tropical Clouds and Cloud Systems" AMS Meteorological Monographs - Cloud Systems, Hurricanes and TRMM. 1-16.

Tao, W.-K., and M. Moncrieff, 2003: Cloud Modeling, Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences, Edited by J. Holton, J. Curry and J. Pyle, 539-548.

Tao, W.-K., Y. Wang, J. Qian, W. K.-M. Lau, C.-L. Shie and R. Kakar, 2003: Mesoscale Convective Systems during SCSMEX: Simulations with a Regional Climate Model and a Cloud-Resolving Model, Weather and climate Modeling, New Age International (P) Limited, Edited by S.V. Singh, S. Basu and T. N. Krishnamurti, 77-92.

Tao, W.-K., R. Adler, D. Baker, S. Braun, M.-D. Chou, M. F. Jasinski, Y. Jia, R. Kakar, M. Karyampudi, W. K.-M. Lau, B. Lynn, Z.-X. Pu, M. Shepherd, C.-L. Shie, D. Starr, Y. Wang, W. Weinman and P. Wetzel, 2003: Regional Scale Modeling at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Recent Research Developments in Atmospheric Science, Research Signpost, 2, 1-52.

Tao, W.-K., S. Lang, W. Olson, S. Satoh, S. Shige, Y. Takayabu, and S. Yang, 2004: Heating structure derived from TRMM, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Earth Observation Research and Application Center, 18-40.

Shen, B.-W., R. Atlas, W.-K. Tao, T. Lee, O. Reale, J.-D. Chern, S.-J. Lin, J. Chang, C. Henze, J.-L. Li, 2006: Experimental High-Resolution Weather/Hurricane Predictions with the NASA fvGCM. HYPERLINK "http://www.nas.nasa.gov/News/HEC_NASA_2006.pdf"High-End Computing at NASA, 48-49.

Tao, W.-K., and A. Hou, 2006: Applications, evaluation, and improvement of multi-scale modeling systems, High-end computing at NASA, 40-41.

Sui, C.-H., X. Li, K.-M. Lau, W.-K. Tao, M.-D. Chou and M.-J. Yang, 2008: Convective-radiative-mixing processes in the Tropical Ocean-Atmosphere. Recent Progress in Atmospheric Sciences with Applications to the Asia-Pacific Region, World Scientific Publication 66-88.

Quaas, J., S. Bony, W. Collins, L. Donner, A. Illingworth, A. Jones, U. Lohmann, M. Satoh, S. E. Schwartz, W.-K. Tao, and R. Wood, 2008: Current Understanding and Quantification of Clouds in the Changing Climate System and Strategies for Reducing Critical Uncertainties, MIT book. Chapter 24, 557-573.

Tao, W.-K., and M. Moncrieff, 2009: Multi-scale cloud-system modeling. Reviews of Geophysics. (in press).

Tao, W.-K., J. J. Shi, T. Matsui, A. Hou, S. Lang, C. Peters-Lidard, G. Skofronick-Jackson, W. Petersen, R. Cifelli, and S. Rutledge, 2009: The 20-22 January 2007 Snow Events over Canada: Microphysical Properties, Proceeding of the International Precipitation Group Workshop, 340-349.

Model Major Applications:
The application of the Goddard Cumulus Ensemble (GCE) model to the study of precipitation processes can be generalized into fourteen categories (Tao and Simpson 1993, Tao 2003)[1]. They are: 1) the mechanisms associated with cloud-cloud interactions and mergers (Tao and Simpson 1984, 1989), 2) Q1 and Q2 budgets and their individual components in different geographic locations (Soong and Tao 1980; Tao and Soong 1986), 3) statistical characteristics of clouds, convective updrafts and downdrafts (Tao et al. 1987), 4) role of the horizontal pressure gradient force on momentum transport and budget (Soong and Tao 1984; Tao et al. 1995), 5) ice processes and their role in stratiform rain formation and the associated mass, Q1 and Q2 budgets (Tao and Simpson 1989b, Tao et al. 1989), 6) the redistribution of trace gases by convection and enhancement of O3 production in the tropics (Scala et al. 1990; Pickering et al. 1992a, b; and a review by Thompson et al. 1997), 7) precipitation efficiency (Ferrier et al. 1996; Tao et al. 2004), 8) cloud radiation interaction and their impact on diurnal variation of precipitation (Tao et al. 1996), 9) the horizontal transport of hydrometeors and water vapor from convective towers into the stratiform region (Tao et al. 1993a, Tao 1995), 10) the effects of surface fluxes on precipitation processes, CAPE and boundary layer structure (Wang et al. 1996; 2003), 11) mesoscale circulations induced by soil gradients and their effects on precipitation and initialization of convection (Lynn et al. 1998, Lynn et al. 2001, Lynn and Tao 2001), 12) physical processes associated with idealized climate variations and convective-radiative quasi-equilibrium in the Tropics (Sui et al. 1994; Lau et al. 1994, Tao et al. 1999, 2001), 13) enhancing the performance of TRMM rainfall retrieval algorithms by providing realistic cloud profiles (Tao et al. 1990; 1993b and a review by Simpson et al. 1996), and 14) developing algorithms for retrieving the four-dimensional vertical structure of latent heating over the global tropics (Tao et al. 1990, 1993b, 2000).

Tao has more than 30 years of experience in cloud physics and modeling mesoscale convective systems. Is the primary developer of the Goddard Cumulus Ensemble (GCE) model and the leader of the Goddard Mesoscale Modeling and Dynamics Group (consists of 12 scientists). Several national and international universities and research institutions are using the GCE model and its results in their research. He has given more than 80 invited talks/visits to 35 different national (US) and international laboratories and universities.

Tao has published more than 170 [80 (23 as 1st author) since 2003] in refereed literature, Encyclopedia, books and Monographs, and more than 120 conference presentations, on tropical cloud systems and modeling, applying the cloud resolving model to understand cloud-precipitation-aerosol interaction, -air-sea interaction, convective-stratiform interaction, cloud-radiation interaction, cloud-chemistry interaction, and cloud-large-scale environment interaction, developing the latent heating profile retrieval using satellite data.

Tao was a member of AMS Committee on Mesoscale Processes (1996-1999). He was the Editor of the Journal Atmospheric Science from 2001- 2003. He served the Guest Editor, AMS Meteorological Monographs - Cloud Systems, Hurricanes and TRMM (2001-2002). He is currently the Chair of AGU Committee on Precipitation and Cloud.

Tao is international known in cloud resolving modeling for studying cloud and precipitation processes and their impact on radiation, surface and climate variations. For example, he was invited to contribute a chapter in Global Water and Energy Cycles published by Cambridge University Press in 1999 and a chapter on cloud model published in Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences in 2003. Recently, he is invited to contribute a review article on cloud resolving models for 125th Anniversary issue of Japan Meteorology Society. (In 1982, the Japan Meteorology Society published a special issue for the centennial anniversary). Dr. Tao was also invited to submit a review paper on cloud resolving model to be published in AGU Reviews of Geophysics. This paper reviews the status and prospects of CRMs across a wide range of issues, such as microphysics and precipitation; interaction between clouds and radiation; the effects of boundary-layer and surface-processes on cloud systems.

Tao, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, has been selected to receive the Goddard Earth Science Achievement Award in 2003. This award recognizes individual who has made the most significant NASA Center contributions in Earth Science. He has also been selected to receive the NASA Exceptional Scientific Achievement Award in 2003. This medal is awarded for unusually significant scientific contributions toward achievement of earth science, aeronautical or space exploration goals. This is the second time Wei-Kuo Tao receives the NASA Exceptional Scientific Achievement Award (only very few NASA Scientists, may be less than ten, have received their 2nd NASA Exceptional Scientific Achievement Award).

Tao is elected to be a Fellow of American Meteorological Society in 2001, and a Fellow of Royal Meteorological Society in 2000. He is the recipient of the ìExcellent Alumni Awardî from National central University in 2006. The citation is ìfor his significant contribution in using cloud resolving model to improve our understanding of cloud and precipitation processes and their impact on radiation, surface and climate variations in Tropicsî. Dr. Tao is one of the 1st recipients of ìExcellent Alumni Awardî from Department of Atmospheric Physics, National Central University to celebrate the Departmentís 40th Anniversary in 2009. He was also listed in Whoís Who in America since 2002.

Tao is received the William Nordberg Memorial Award for Earth Science in 2008. This honor is the highest Goddard award in the Earth sciences and recognizes sustained, significant scientific contributions to Goddard and NASA in the Earth Sciences. The award is given annually to a Goddard employee "who best exhibits qualities of broad scientific perspective, enthusiastic programmatic and technical leadership on the national and international levels, wide recognition by peers and substantial research accomplishments in understanding Earth science processes".

The citation: Dr. Wei-Kuo Tao is being recognized as NASA preeminent expert on cloud systems, which is an essential component of Earthís climate system. His scientific contributions ñ over the past three decades ñ to our fundamental understanding of how cloud systems work is truly phenomenal spanning the full spectrum of physical processes and types of systems. Many of them (i.e., 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10) are the pinioning in cloud modeling applications.